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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used in order to make certain that the operator does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to make certain that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or 70 meters.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first have to be transported to the construction site by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the equipment part of the jib and the crane. Then, these parts are connected to the mast. After that, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be a few of the other industrial machines that is utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. Next, the operator of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.
The definition of a "loaded container" for the purpose of securing and container handling; is a container other than in the empty or tare condition. Containers must be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. To be able to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions such as wind need to be considered. The word loaded is the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. To be able to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the load should be distributed all around the container.
To be able to maintain safety, having an equally distributed load is helpful to prevent excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. A load which is even helps to prevent unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity varies, with the distribution of load within the container. It is extremely important that the designers of containers and handling machinery consider in the engineering process. Like for example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50 percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
To be able to make sure that the machinery utilized is right for the cargo, care needs to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Particular attention has to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, extreme care must be taken when raising these.
