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The base of the tower crane is generally bolted to a large concrete pad that provides really necessary support. The base is connected to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is attached to the inside of the structure of the building. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The crane's mast is often a triangulated lattice structure which measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Connected to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit is made of a motor and a gear that allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety pounds with counter weights of twenty tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or 70 meters.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, especially due to their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure has to be transported to the construction site by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the equipment portion of the crane and the jib. These sections are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts could be some of the other industrial equipment that is typically utilized to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is referred to as a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or 20 feet. Then, the crane driver utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.
Operating a Standard Counterbalance Forklift
1 Perform a pre-shift check before operating the machinery. or OSHA guidelines state that a pre-shift checklist must be done at the beginning of each work shift. Every different machine along with its attachments has its own checklist listing brakes, steering, emergency brakes, lights, horn, controls and safety features.
2 Start up the machine and check controls. Primarily ensure your seatbelt is fixed firmly and the seat is firmly in place and adjusted for your comfort. Look beneath the machinery after you move it for any signs of leaks. The operation of each kind of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation as opposed to a regular vehicle. The forklift's rear end swing happens due to the fact that the truck steers utilizing its rear wheels. Disregarding this information is a main reasons for accidents and injuries to workers. The almost ninety-degree turn from the front wheels must be done with utmost caution. These top-heavy machines have a high center of gravity even without a load. When lifting or moving a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks near the floor when traveling. Use caution when approaching loads. Be sure the forks line up correctly with the pallet. Lift the load just as high as is necessary, tilting it back to help stabilize the equipment. Only drive backwards if the load is very big that it interferes with the vision of the operator.
5 Before loading and unloading, check the wheels on trailers/trucks. When carrying a load, it is not advised to travel on slopes. The machinery could tip over on a slope. When driving on an incline is necessary, always drive up the slope and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The forklift operator must always be in firm control at all times. Tipping over is the primary cause of operator injuries. The driver should never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest method is to lean away from the direction of fall while gripping the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
